Puerto Rico is a Caribbean island commonwealth of the United States, located about 1,000 miles southeast of Miami.

Proposition 187 was a controversial California anti-immigration initiative approved by California voters on November 8, 1994.

Ile-St.-Jean (Isle St. John) was claimed for France by SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN in 1603.

The Portuguese have a long tradition of migration—to Brazil, to North America, and to other European countries.

Poles represent the largest eastern European immigrant group in the United States and the second largest in Canada, behind Ukrainians.

In its 1982 ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the state of Texas had failed to support sufficiently its case for the legitimate right of the state to deny education to illegal immigrants.

The Pilgrims and the Puritans were two theologically related Christian groups that developed within the Church of England in the 16th century.

This informal term refers to women who married single immigrant men they had never met but with whom they had exchanged photographs, usually through family intermediaries.

Philadelphia became in the 1680s William Penn’s “greene countrie towne,” the capital city of the ethnically diverse Pennsylvania colony.

Significant Peruvian immigration to North America began in the 1960s and reflects the unusually diverse ethnic heritage of South America’s third largest country.

Frustrated with the proprietary politics in the New Jersey colony, William Penn founded Pennsylvania in 1681.

The founder of the Pennsylvania colony, William Penn brought religious tolerance and cultural diversity to the English colonies in America.

In 1931, the Canadian cabinet passed Order-in-Council P.C. 695 prohibiting almost all immigration in order to meet the growing challenges of economic depression.

The first Italian-American governor and U.S. senator, John Pastore represented the post–World War II shift in public opinion that enabled politicians of southern and eastern European descent to play a more prominent role in statewide and national politics.

Palestinians are Arabs and generally were counted as part of Ottoman or Arab immigration figures prior to World War II (1939–45).

Pakistanis only began to immigrate to North America in significant numbers since the mid-1960s, when immigration policies in both the United States and Canada abandoned racial quotas.

The Page Act was the first piece of American legislation to attempt to directly regulate immigration.

A padrone (from the Italian padroni for “patrons” or “bosses”) was a middleman in the labor trade, helping poor immigrants obtain transportation to North America, jobs upon arrival, and basic needs in an alien society.

The islands of the vast Pacific Ocean stretch over thousands of miles but have a small total population.